St. Mark, The Evangelist

St. Mark is considered to be the founder of the Coptic Orthodox Church. He is one of the Seventy Apostles appointed by our Lord (Mark 10:10), and one of the four Evangelists. He is regarded as the first of the unbroken chain of 117 patriarchs of the Coptic Church, and the first of a stream of Egyptian martyrs.

St. Mark was of Jewish descent, belonging to the tribe of Levi. He was born in Pentapolis (translated, the Five Western Cities) on the Northern coast of Africa, west of Egypt. His family lived in Cyrenica until they were attacked by barbarians at which time they moved to Jerusalem with their son, John Mark, John being Hebrew and Mark Roman. Evidently, he received a good education and, Hebrew being his native language, became fluent in both Greek and Latin. It is believed that St. Mark’s cousin was St. Barnabas, and his father’s cousin was St. Peter. While St. Mark was traveling in Jordan with his atheist father, Arostalis, a lion and lioness appeared. His father begged St. Mark to escape at the cost of his own life, but St. Mark assured his father that Jesus Christ would save them both and began to pray. Suddenly, the two animals fell dead. As a result of that miracle, the father believed in Christ. For this reason, St. Mark is often portrayed with a lion.

St. Mark is mentioned in the Scriptures as having been present with the Lord on a number of occasions. It follows St. Mark’s reputation of being a humble man that he refrained from mentioning his own name in his Gospel, however, it is documented in the history of the church (Acts 12:11,12). He is the man who was carrying the jar when the two disciples went to prepare a place for the celebration of the Passover (Mark 14:13, Luke 22:11). It was in the upper room of the house of his mother, Mary, that the Last Supper was held, thus becoming the first church in the world where Christ Himself instituted the Holy Eucharist. “And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and broke it, and gave it to His disciples, and said, ‘take, eat, this is My body.’ And He took the cup and gave thanks and gave it to them saying, ‘drink, you all, of it. For this is My blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.” (Matt. 26:26-28) and, “And He took bread, and gave thanks, and broke it, and gave it to them saying, ‘this is My body which is given for you: do this in remembrance of Me” (Luke 22:19).

If we look at St. Mark’s Liturgy, also called St. Cyril’s, we find the same exact words as above, and the arrangement of the Liturgy: Thanks, Sanctification, Fraction, Communion, exactly as seen by St. Mark the Thursday before the Crucifixion. There also, the Lord appeared to His disciples after His resurrection and there, the outpouring of the Holy Spirit occurred the day of the Pentecost (Acts 2:1-4). Consequently, the church calls St. Mark, “Theorimos” or “Beholder of the Lord.” St. Mark served in Jerusalem and Judea, Antioch, Cyprus, Asia Minor, Colossy, Rome and Venice. His major services, proclaiming the Message of Salvation to North Africa (Libya and Egypt). Egypt at the time was under Roman rule, the inhabitants there in addition to the Roman governing class, being Egyptians, Greeks, Jews.
The first city St. Mark entered in Egypt was Alexandria, the intellectual capital of its time. Upon arrival, the strap of St. Mark’s sandal was broken so he went to a cobbler named Ananias. Accidentally, the awl pierced Ananias’ hand to which he cried out to the surprise of St. Mark, “Oh, One God.” After healing him,

St. Mark preached to Ananias and his family and all were baptized. Ananias’ house became the first church in Alexandria and later in 44AD, St. Mark ordained him as the first bishop. In 49 AD the Evangelist accompanied St. Peter to Rome and there began writing his Gospel, which he completed in Egypt. Following the martyrdom of St. Peter, St. Mark returned to Egypt and built the first church on the Alexandrian coast where his church remains until this day.

St. Mark baptized a great number of converts between the years 56 and 60 AD and through the work of the Holy Spirit, he established the Theological School of Alexandria where study was based on the question-and-answer method. In addition to theology, the school offered courses in medicine, engineering, music, classical studies, literature and the sciences. The 20th Coptic Patriarch, St. Athanasius, who formulated the Athanasian Creed, also known as the Orthodox Creed, is among its graduates.

The work of St. Mark in Egypt and his attacks on the local pagan gods were so successful as to arouse the hatred and vengeance of the pagan Egyptians against him. As a result of St. Mark’s denunciation of the forthcoming festival in honor of Serapis as being idolatrous and impious, St. Mark was dragged through the city of Alexandria by a rope tied around his neck. He was dragged out of the Church of Baucalis after he had prayed the Easter Mass of 68AD. After dragging his severely wounded body, the pagans put him in jail where he had visions. He saw an Angel who said, “Now your hour has come, Mark the good servant of Jesus Christ. Have courage because your name has been written in the Book of Life.” He also saw our Lord Jesus Christ, Himself, who said, “Peace be to you, Mark, my disciple and evangelist.” The following day the pagans dragged him around the city once again until his head was separated from his body and he was martyred on May 8, 68 AD. The pagans made a fire, intending to burn St. Mark’s body, but heavy rains would not allow it. The believers took his body to the Church of Baucalis and buried it there.

For centuries the election of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Egypt took place by the side of his tomb. In 877 AD, however, Venetians stole his body out of their own deep veneration for the Great Saint whom they also considered their Patron Saint. Recently in 1968, on the occasion of the passion of 1900 years since St. Mark’s martyrdom, Pope Paul VI of the Catholic Church of Rome gave some of his relics to the Late Pope Cyril VI of our church. Upon its arrival at the Cairo International Airport, heavenly luminous bodies in the form of doves filled the sky surrounding the body of the Great Saint. His holy relics are now in the new Cathedral named after St. Mark in Cairo. The Apostolicity of the Coptic Orthodox Church is maintained therefore by St. Mark, the Evangelist, and the Beholder of the Divine. May his blessings be with us, Amen.

Saint Bishoy "The Beloved of Christ"

Abba Bishoy was born in A.D. 320 of righteous parents in a village of the Nile Delta. He was the youngest of seven children. One night his mother saw a vision; an angel appeared to her and said, "The Lord says, 'Give me one of your children to serve me.'" The mother answered, "here are my seven children, choose the one you want." Then the angel touched Bishoy, but the mother said, "This is a weak boy, please choose a stronger one who can serve the Lord better." The angel replied, "The power of God is made perfect in his weakness."

At age twenty, Bishoy joined the monastery of Scetis. His spiritual father was the Great Saint Abba Pambo. Bishoy was very alert over his ascetic life: praying constantly, fasting for long periods, and learning the holy books by heart. It was said that he loved to read the book of Jeremiah, and that the prophet himself used to appear to him and explain what was hard to understand.

Abba Bishoy did not cease his vigils nor his prayers, which would continue for days without any sleep. One day, the Lord Jesus appeared to him. He told him, "My beloved Bishoy, you have suffered much." The saint was frightened and fell. The Lord touched him by the hand, and lifted him up. Deeply touched, Bishoy replied, "It is You, my Lord, who suffered for me, and for the whole world; You were crucified in order to save us. I have done nothing."

Abba Bishoy's sweet aroma diffused and filled the wilderness. As a result, multitudes of monks flocked to him seeking his teaching and advice. He became the father of approximately eight thousand monks. He taught them the fear of God, and implanted into their souls the spirit of meekness which is the essence of the spiritual life.

The monks knew about the Lord's appearances to Abba Bishoy. One day, they asked him to plead to the Lord on their behalf, so that He might bless them with such an appearance. When Abba Bishoy saw their eagerness, he mentioned to the Lord their desire, and pleaded for them saying that such an appearance would increase their enthusiasm and encourage them in their spiritual life. The Lord Jesus Christ promised to appear to them on the mountain on a certain day at a certain time.

On the appointed day, early in the morning, all the monks raced to reach the mountain as early as possible. It happened that Abba Bishoy, being a fairly old man, was walking at the end of the group of monks. He waw an old bony man who looked to weak to walk. Abba Bishoy stopped and asked him where he wanted to go. When he learned that he wanted to go to the same mountain he had pity on him, and offered to carry him. The old man refused at first, but agreed when Abba Bishoy insisted.

At the beginning of the climb, Abba Bishoy did not feel any weight, but gradually he felt that the old man was getting heavier and heavier until he could not continue. At that moment, the saint realized that he was carrying the Lord Himself. He said, "My Lord, heaven is too small for You and earth trembles at Your glory. How can a sinner like me carry you?" The Lord replied, "Because you carried Me, my beloved Bishoy, your body will never decay."

Abba Bishoy continued his journey to the mountain where he saw all the monks waiting with eagerness to see the Lord. Their disappointment came when Abba Bishoy told them that the Lord had already appeared, and that they had all seen Him, but having closed their hearts they did not recognize Him.

One of Saint Bishoy's distinguished merits was his hospitality to the strangers. One day while he was sitting outside his cell, he saw a stranger weary from walking. He stood up and invited the stranger to his cell. Then he got a basin, filled it with water, and insisted on washing the stranger's feet. While washing his feet, he heart the Lord's voice saying, "My chosen Bishoy! You are an honorable man." Realizing that he was washing the Lord Jesus' feet, he knelt down and worshipped Him. The Lord gave him peace and comforted him.

There was an aged monk living in a town called Epsi in Upper Egypt. Misled by the devil, he deviated from the Orthodox belief, denied the existence of the Holy Spirit, and started to spread his heresy openly. As God wanted to save him, he disclosed his case to His Saint Abba Bishoy.

Abba Bishoy made some baskets with three hanles each, and set off to the place where that monk was. When he arrived there, the old monk welcomed him with great hospitality. The other monks in the area gathered around him to receive his blessing. The three handles of the baskets attracted their attention and they asked the meaning of it. Abba Bishoy answered, "I always do my manual work after the example of the Holy Trinity." On hearing htis, all the monks exclaimed, "So Father, there is a Holy Spirit!" The saint started to teach them about the Holy Spirit, the Thrid Person of the Holy Trinity. As he quoted many verses from the Scriptures, they all believed and professed their faith in the Holy Spirit.

After the Barbarians attacked Scetis, Abba Bishoy went to Ansena in Upper Egypt. There he met a spiritual friend called Abba Paul El-Tamouhi. The strong spiritual bond between them was blessed by the Lord. Abba Paul saw a vision and heard the Divine Voice promising that their bodies will always be together.

On July 15, 417 A.D. Abba Bishoy commended his sould in the hands of his Savior. Three months later Abba Paul El-Tamouhi died also and his body was buried beside Abba Bishoy. In 842 A.D. the two bodies were moved to Scetis where the monks received them with palm branches, praising the Lord who had brought the body of their spiritual leader back to the monastery.

May the blessings and prayers of this great Saint Abba Bishoy -- the beloved one of our Good Savior -- be with us all. Amen.